عاطف توقیر

کسی ملک کی جہت دیکھنا ہو، ترجیحات دیکھنا ہو، تو اس کے قومی بجٹ میں صرف تین چیزیں تمام وضاحت کرنے کے لیے کافی ہوتی ہیں، باقی تمام معاملہ ٹیکس، پینشن، زراعت، صنعت، انفراسٹرکچر وغیرہ وہ ان تین باتوں کے بعد بہت ثانوی سی چیزیں دکھائی دیتی ہیں۔

پہلی بات ہے ملک کا دفاعی بجٹ دیکھیں، پھر تعلیم اور پھر صحت۔ ان تینوں کے درمیان تناسب اور فرق یہ واضح کر دے گا کہ ملک اگلے ایک برس میں کیا ہونے جا رہا ہے۔ اس مضمون میں نہایت سادہ سا حساب کر کے دیکھتے ہیں کہ ہم کہاں جا رہے ہیں یا ہمیں کہاں لے جایا جا رہا ہے۔

پاکستان کے پاس فطری طور پر ایک ایسی زبردست قوت موجود ہے، جس سے پچھلے ستر برس میں کبھی استفادہ نہیں کیا گیا اور وہ ہے اس ملک کی آبادی کے ایک بڑے حصہ کا کم عمر ہونا۔ پاکستان کی مجموعی آبادی کا قریب ساٹھ فیصد تیس برس سے کم عمر کے افراد پر مبنی ہے، جب کہ مجموعی آبادی کا میڈین 23 بنتا ہے۔ اس سے اندازہ لگا لیجیے کہ اگر تعلیم اور تربیت کے شعبے میں سرمایہ کاری کی جائے، اگر لوگوں کو ہنر مند بنایا جائے اور ان کے لیے ملازمتوں کے نئے مواقع پیدا ہوں، اگر صحت کے شعبے میں پیسہ خرچ کیا جائے، تو اس ملک کی اقتصادیات کسی راکٹ کی طرح فضا میں بلند ہو سکتی ہیں۔ دنیا کے بیشتر ترقی یافتہ ممالک کو سب سے بڑا جو چیلنج درپیش ہے، وہ ہے معمر افراد کی بھرمار۔ یعنی ملک میں نوجوانوں کی کمی۔ اس کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ اگر آبادی کا ایک بڑا حصہ پینشن لینے والے افراد پر مشتمل ہو، تو وہ خود اقتصادیات میں حصہ نہیں ڈال رہے ہوتے بلکہ ریاست کو ان کا معاشی بوجھ اٹھانا پڑتا ہے۔ اس لیے ایک سادہ سا حساب کرتے ہیں۔

اس سال کے بجٹ میں دفاع کے شعبے میں گیارہ سو ارب روپے رکھے گئے۔ یہ بات بھی معلوم ہونا چاہیے کہ یہ اعلانیہ رقم ہے۔ غیراعلانیہ جو سرمایہ دفاع کے شعبے کو سونپا جائے گا، وہ ہم نہیں جانتے۔ خیر ایک لمحے کو تصور کرتے ہیں کہ یہی پیسے ہیں جو دفاع کے لیے رکھے گئے ہیں۔ مجموعی بجٹ کا یہ قریب 20 فیصد ہے۔ یعنی پچاس سو ارب کے مجموعی بجٹ میں سے گیارہ سو ارب۔

اس سرمایے کو اگر ملک کی مجموعی آبادی یعنی بیس کروڑ سے تقسیم کیا جائے، تو فی کس ساڑھے پانچ ہزار روپے پڑتے ہیں۔ یعنی ملک میں ہر انسان ساڑھے پانچ ہزار روپے اس سال اپنی سلامتی اور دفاع کے شعبے میں خرچ کرے گا۔ اسے سال کے بارہ ماہ میں تقسیم کیا جائے، تو قریب 460 روپے ماہانہ اور تقریبا پندرہ روپیہ یومیہ پاکستان کا ہر شہری (بہ شمول بچے) اپنی سلامتی کے لیے خرچ کر رہے ہیں۔

اب تعلیم کے شعبے کو دیکھتے ہیں۔ جیسا کہ اس مضمون کے آغاز میں میں نے کہا کہ ملک کی آبادی کا ایک بڑا حصہ نوجوانوں پر مشتمل ہے اور ایسے میں تعلیمی اداروں، جامعات، اسکولوں، کالجوں اور ووکیشنل ٹریننگ مراکز کی ضرورت اشد ہے۔ تعلیم کے شعبے کے لیے 97 ارب روپے کی رقم مختص کی گئی ہے۔ اس کے ساتھ اگر دفاعی شعبے والا ہی ریاضیاتی کلیہ استعمال کریں، تو نتائج مضحکہ خیز نکلتے ہیں۔

ملک کی مجموعی آبادی سے اگر اس رقم کو تقیسم کریں، تو 485 روپے فی کس بنتے ہیں۔ انہیں بارہ مہینے میں توڑیں تو 40 روپے ماہانہ اور 30 دِنوں پر تقسیم کریں تو ایک روپیہ تیس پیسے یومیہ بنتے ہیں۔

یعنی ریاست پاکستان تعلیم کے شعبے میں اس قوم پر ڈیڑھ روپے یومیہ سے بھی کم رقم خرچ کر رہی ہے۔ صحت کے شعبے میں حالت اس سے بھی بری ہے، جہاں سالانہ بنیادیوں پر 185 روپے فی کس، 15 روپے ماہانہ اور آٹھ آنے یومیہ خرچ ہوں گے۔ یعنی پاکستان میں ہم اپنے بچوں کو روزانہ ڈیڑھ روپے کی تعلیم، آٹھ آنے کی صحت اور پندرہ روپے کا دفاع اور تحفظ دیتے ہیں۔

اس معمولی حساب کے بعد میرے خیال میں ملک کی مجموعی فکری اور تعلیمی حالت اور ہمارے، ہمارے بچوں کے اور اس ملک کے مستقبل سے متعلق کوئی بھی اندازہ لگانا مشکل نہیں رہتا۔

یہی وجہ ہے کہ ملک کا تعلیمی ڈھانچہ برباد ہو چکا ہے اور اقتصادیات کا پہیہ جامد ہے۔ جب یہاں گورا حکومت کرتا تھا، تو اُس تعلیمی نظام سے یہاں مولانا محمد علی جوہر، سر ظفراللہ خان، محمد علی جناح، علامہ محمد اقبال، لیاقت علی خان اور ڈاکٹر عبدالسلام پیدا ہو رہے تھے، کیوں کہ وہ تعلیمی نظام ایسے افراد اور اذہان پیدا کرنے کی صلاحیت رکھتا تھا۔

ہمارا آج کا تعلیمی نصاب اور نظام جن بنیادوں پر کھڑا کیا گیا ہے، اس میں مولوی خادم رضوی، حافظ سعید، طاہر اشرفی اور اوریا مقبول جان ہی پیدا ہو سکتے تھے اور وہی پیدا ہو بھی رہے ہیں۔ اس نظامِ تعلیم سے اگر آپ کو آئن اسٹائن کی امید ہے، تو یقیناﹰ ڈیڑھ روپے کی تعلیم اور آٹھ آنے کی صحت کے ساتھ آئن اسٹائن پیدا نہیں ہو سکتے، ہاں اگر 20 کروڑ انسان دفاع کے شعبے میں روزانہ کی بنیاد پر 15 روپے خرچ کرنے پر آمادہ ہیں، تو وہاں عامر لیاقت اور زید حامد کا پیدا ہونا ایک عین فطری بات ہے۔

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